INDICATORS ON - LITHIUM NIOBATE CRYSTAL YOU SHOULD KNOW

In 1993 Kuz’minov and Osiko pointed out which the ‘disturbance�?of stoichiometry in LN crystals is mostly due to lack of oxygen in Nb2O5, utilized like a Uncooked content initial soften (Czochralski strategy) [186]. Appropriately, according to its manufacturing technologies, niobium pentoxide can undertake an array of compositions Nb2O5−x.